Chapter 4:
Support and Movement
Q1: What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Ans: The skeletal system provides structural support for the body and facilitates movement.
Q2: What are the three types of muscle tissue in the human body?
Ans: Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
Q3: What is the role of tendons in the body?
Ans: Tendons connect muscles to bones, allowing muscles to exert force and produce movement at joints.
Q4: How does the nervous system contribute to movement?
Ans: The nervous system coordinates muscle contractions by sending signals from the brain to the muscles via the spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
Q5: What are the major components of a synovial joint?
Ans: Synovial joints consist of articular cartilage, synovial fluid, joint capsule, and ligaments.
Q6: What is the purpose of synovial fluid in a joint?
Ans: Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction between articulating surfaces and providing nutrients to the cartilage.
Q7: What role do ligaments play in joint stability?
Ans: Ligaments reinforce joints by connecting bones together and providing stability to prevent excessive movement.
Q8: How does the muscular system contribute to maintaining posture?
Ans: Muscles contract and relax to support the body's weight against gravity, maintaining posture and balance.
Q9: What are the main functions of the vertebral column?
Ans: The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head and trunk, and allows for movement and flexibility.
Q10: What is the function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
Ans: Cartilage cushions joints, absorbs shock, and provides a smooth surface for articulation between bones.
Q11: How do bones grow and develop from infancy to adulthood?
Ans: Bones grow through a process called ossification, where cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Growth plates at the ends of long bones contribute to longitudinal growth during childhood and adolescence.
Q12: What are the two main types of bone tissue and their characteristics?
Ans: Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and protection. Spongy (cancellous) bone is less dense and found inside bones, providing structural support and facilitating bone marrow production.
Q13: How do muscles produce movement?
Ans: Muscles contract when stimulated by nerve impulses, causing the muscle fibers to shorten and pull on the bones they are attached to, resulting in movement at the joints.
Q14: What is the significance of the neuromuscular junction in muscle contraction?
Ans: The neuromuscular junction is where a motor neuron meets a muscle fiber, allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses that trigger muscle contraction.
Q15: How do skeletal muscles work in pairs to produce movement?
Ans: Skeletal muscles work in antagonistic pairs, where one muscle (agonist) contracts to produce movement while the opposing muscle (antagonist) relaxes to allow for that movement.
Q16: What are the main functions of the muscular system besides movement?
Ans: The muscular system also helps maintain body temperature through muscle contractions (shivering), aids in circulation by assisting the heart in pumping blood, and supports other bodily functions such as breathing and digestion.
Q17: How does exercise impact the skeletal and muscular systems?
Ans: Regular exercise strengthens bones and muscles, improves joint flexibility, and enhances overall movement efficiency and coordination.
Q18: What is the role of proprioception in movement?
Ans: Proprioception is the body's ability to sense its position and movement in space. It allows for coordination, balance, and the ability to navigate the environment.
Q19: How does aging affect the skeletal and muscular systems?
Ans: Aging can lead to decreased bone density (osteoporosis) and muscle mass (sarcopenia), reduced flexibility, and increased risk of fractures and falls.
Q20: What are some common injuries or conditions related to the skeletal and muscular systems?
Ans: Common injuries include fractures, sprains, strains, and dislocations, while conditions may include arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular dystrophy, and tendonitis.
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